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Which type of high availability offers standby servers that only become active when a primary fails?

  1. Active-active

  2. Active-passive

  3. Passive-passive

  4. Load-balanced

The correct answer is: Active-passive

High availability systems are designed to ensure continuous operation and minimize downtime. The active-passive model is a common approach to achieving this goal. In this configuration, there are primary (active) servers that handle the workload while secondary (passive) servers remain on standby. The passive servers are not actively processing requests or traffic but are ready to take over immediately if the primary server fails. This approach allows for quick recovery from failures since the passive servers can be brought online instantly when needed, minimizing downtime and service interruptions. In contrast, other models like active-active involve multiple servers sharing the load simultaneously, which does not align with the concept of standby servers waiting to take over only in the event of a failure. Load-balanced configurations distribute traffic among multiple active servers, further diverging from the standby premise. Passive-passive systems, while somewhat similar in that they also have standby elements, do not engage automatically during a primary failure the way active-passive configurations do. Hence, the active-passive structure is most fitting to describe the standby functionality whereby secondary systems are engaged strictly during primary server downtime.